Crypto & Blockchain Unlicensed Crypto Mining in Iran: How the IRGC Controls the Nation's Power and Evades Sanctions

Unlicensed Crypto Mining in Iran: How the IRGC Controls the Nation's Power and Evades Sanctions

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Iran is having power outages that last for days. Factories shut down. Homes go cold in winter. Meanwhile, rows of humming machines in secret military zones are spinning out Bitcoin-24 hours a day, 7 days a week-using electricity that should be powering cities. This isn’t a glitch. It’s policy.

How the IRGC Took Over Crypto Mining

The Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) didn’t stumble into cryptocurrency mining. It planned it. By 2019, as international sanctions choked Iran’s access to global banking, the regime needed a new way to move money. Bitcoin became the answer. The IRGC, under direct orders from Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei, moved quickly to build a mining empire.

They didn’t start small. In Rafsanjan, Kerman Province, a 175-megawatt Bitcoin mining farm went live. It was disguised as a joint venture with foreign investors, mostly from China. But the land, the security, and the power? All controlled by the IRGC. These aren’t backyard operations. These are industrial-scale farms filled with thousands of ASIC miners-specialized computers built only for mining Bitcoin. Each one uses as much electricity as a small household. Together, they drain entire neighborhoods of power.

Estimates suggest around 180,000 mining devices operate in Iran. About 80,000 belong to private citizens. The rest-roughly 100,000-are run by state-linked groups. That’s more than half the country’s mining power in the hands of the military. And they don’t pay for it.

Free Power, No Consequences

Private miners in Iran pay high electricity rates and are forced to sell their Bitcoin to the Central Bank of Iran at fixed prices. Many can’t make a profit. Some shut down. Others go underground.

The IRGC doesn’t have that problem. They don’t pay bills. They don’t need permits. They built their own power lines. In 2022, Iran’s parliament quietly passed a law letting the military create private power plants and bypass the national grid. That meant the IRGC could siphon electricity meant for hospitals, schools, and factories directly into their mining farms.

Religious foundations like Astan Quds Razavi-controlled by the Supreme Leader-are also deeply involved. These organizations, officially called charitable trusts, act as fronts for mining operations. They own land, buy hardware, and launder profits through religious donations. The system is designed to look legitimate. It’s not.

Energy Minister Ali Abadi, a former IRGC commander himself, called unauthorized mining “an ugly and unpleasant theft.” But when you’re part of the system that created it, calling it theft doesn’t change anything. It’s theater.

The Sanctions Evasion Machine

Bitcoin doesn’t need banks. That’s the whole point.

Traditional money transfers go through SWIFT, a global banking network controlled by Western nations. Sanctions block Iran from using it. Bitcoin? It moves directly from wallet to wallet. No bank. No middleman. No audit trail. That’s why the IRGC turned to crypto.

Blockchain analysts have traced Bitcoin wallets linked to IRGC operations. U.S. Treasury and Israeli intelligence have targeted them. These wallets fund proxy militias in Syria, Iraq, and Yemen. They pay for drones. They buy weapons. They finance cyberattacks. Crypto mining isn’t just about profit-it’s about survival.

Iran is now one of the top 10 Bitcoin producers in the world. Not because of innovation. Not because of entrepreneurship. Because the military has a monopoly on electricity and zero accountability.

A split scene: a cold family at home vs. a hidden military mining farm glowing with energy, in Alebrije art.

Two Systems, One Country

There are two Irans when it comes to crypto mining.

One is the Iran of ordinary people: rolling blackouts, rising fuel prices, families rationing electricity. They’re told mining is illegal. They’re fined. Their equipment is seized. They’re pressured to sell their Bitcoin to the state at a loss.

The other is the Iran of the IRGC: armored convoys delivering new mining rigs to secret bases. Power lines snaking from military zones into mining farms. No inspections. No taxes. No consequences.

This isn’t corruption. It’s institutionalized theft.

The government pretends to crack down. In December 2024, the Central Bank blocked all domestic crypto-to-rial exchanges. But by January 2025, they unblocked them-only for approved traders using government-controlled APIs. That’s not regulation. That’s control. They want to monitor who’s mining, who’s trading, and who’s making money. But only if they’re on the regime’s side.

How Iranians Fight Back

Regular Iranians aren’t powerless. They’re using VPNs to access foreign exchanges like Nobitex. They’re trading Bitcoin for dollars on peer-to-peer platforms. They’re avoiding the state’s rigged system.

But it’s risky. Using a VPN to trade crypto can land you in jail. The government monitors internet traffic. They track wallets. They’ve arrested dozens of private miners.

Still, people keep trying. Because when your lights go out and your kids are cold, and the state is using your electricity to make Bitcoin for its war machine, you do what you have to.

A dual-faced state figure crushes private miners while feeding Bitcoin to an IRGC dragon, in colorful Alebrije style.

What This Means for the World

Iran’s crypto mining isn’t just an Iranian problem. It’s a global one.

It shows how authoritarian regimes can weaponize technology to bypass sanctions. It proves that blockchain, often praised for its decentralization, can be hijacked by centralized power. It reveals how energy-rich countries can turn their natural resources into tools of repression.

The U.S. and Europe have targeted Iranian crypto wallets. They’ve frozen assets. They’ve issued warnings. But they haven’t touched the power grid. They haven’t stopped the electricity from flowing to those mining farms.

Until that changes, Iran’s military will keep mining. And Iranian families will keep living in the dark.

Why Licensing Doesn’t Work

Iran’s government says it licenses crypto mining. The Ministry of Industry, Mines, and Trade issues permits. Sounds fair, right?

It’s not.

Licensing is a tool for control, not oversight. Licensed miners pay high rates. They must sell to the Central Bank. They’re monitored. They’re squeezed. Meanwhile, the IRGC and its allies operate outside the system entirely. They don’t need a license because they are the system.

The license program exists to make private miners look bad. To justify crackdowns. To create a narrative that “unlicensed” mining is the problem-when the real problem is the state stealing power from its own people.

The Future of Crypto Mining in Iran

There’s no sign the IRGC will stop. They’re expanding. New farms are being built. More power lines are being laid. Foreign companies still send hardware. Chinese firms still provide support.

The Iranian government has no incentive to change. The IRGC controls the military, the economy, the judiciary, and now the energy grid. As long as Bitcoin keeps rising in value, the regime will keep mining.

The only way this ends is if the international community targets the infrastructure-not just the wallets. Cut off the power. Block the hardware imports. Sanction the companies that sell mining rigs to IRGC-linked entities.

Until then, Iran’s lights will keep flickering. And the IRGC will keep getting rich.

About the author

Kurt Marquardt

I'm a blockchain analyst and educator based in Boulder, where I research crypto networks and on-chain data. I consult startups on token economics and security best practices. I write practical guides on coins and market breakdowns with a focus on exchanges and airdrop strategies. My mission is to make complex crypto concepts usable for everyday investors.

12 Comments

  1. Hannah Campbell
    Hannah Campbell

    So the IRGC is using our electricity to mine Bitcoin while our kids freeze? Classic. And we sit here watching Netflix like it’s none of our business. This isn’t a government. It’s a criminal syndicate with nukes.

    They’re not even hiding it. Power lines? Secret bases? Come on. They’re laughing at us.

  2. Bryan Muñoz
    Bryan Muñoz

    This is all a psyop. The US and Israel are feeding us this story so they can justify bombing Iranian power plants. You think the IRGC is dumb enough to mine Bitcoin without a backdoor? They’re using it to fund the resistance. And you? You’re just another sheep in the matrix. 🤡

  3. Rod Petrik
    Rod Petrik

    Wait… if they’re mining Bitcoin, why aren’t they using solar? Iran has desert. Sun’s free. They’re using coal and gas? That’s… weird. Maybe it’s not about Bitcoin. Maybe it’s about controlling the grid. Like… a long game. You ever think about that? 🤔

  4. Pramod Sharma
    Pramod Sharma

    Power is the new oil. Whoever controls it controls the future. Iran’s elite are just adapting. The people suffer. Always. But systems don’t collapse because of injustice. They collapse because they stop working. This won’t end until the machines stop humming.

  5. Kelly Post
    Kelly Post

    I keep thinking about the families in Tehran right now, huddled under blankets, waiting for the power to come back on. Meanwhile, in some underground bunker, a server farm is quietly turning their children’s cold into digital gold. There’s no moral high ground here. Just theft dressed up as policy.

  6. Tony Loneman
    Tony Loneman

    Let’s be real-this isn’t crypto mining. It’s state-sponsored looting with ASICs. The IRGC didn’t invent Bitcoin. They weaponized it. And now they’ve turned the entire country into a battery. You call that innovation? Nah. That’s just fascism with a blockchain logo. 💥

  7. Telleen Anderson-Lozano
    Telleen Anderson-Lozano

    I mean… I get that sanctions are brutal, and I get that the IRGC is corrupt-but isn’t there a middle ground? What if the government just taxed the mining and used the revenue to fix the grid? Why does everything have to be binary? Either you’re a victim or you’re a villain? Why can’t we just… fix it? It’s not that complicated.

  8. Shaun Beckford
    Shaun Beckford

    The fact that you’re surprised by this proves you’ve never studied how authoritarian regimes operate. This isn’t corruption-it’s optimization. The IRGC isn’t stealing power. They’re reallocating it. The people? They’re the cost of doing business. Welcome to realpolitik, sweetheart.

  9. Chris Evans
    Chris Evans

    This is a textbook case of rent-seeking behavior in a post-scarcity energy economy. The IRGC has captured the energy production function and externalized the social costs. Bitcoin mining is merely the vector. The real exploit? The capture of public infrastructure by non-market actors. It’s not illegal. It’s systemic.

  10. Pat G
    Pat G

    I’m done pretending this is about Bitcoin. This is about power. The IRGC doesn’t care if you’re cold. They care if their drones fly. And if you’re mad? Good. That means you’re still awake. Keep being mad. That’s the only thing they can’t mine.

  11. Alexandra Heller
    Alexandra Heller

    It’s easy to call them evil. But what if they truly believe they’re protecting the revolution? What if they think the people’s suffering is a necessary sacrifice for the greater good? That’s the scariest part. They’re not monsters. They’re true believers. And that’s why this won’t end with sanctions. It’ll end when their faith cracks.

  12. myrna stovel
    myrna stovel

    I just want to say-this isn’t just Iran’s problem. It’s ours too. We buy the chips. We fund the tech. We ignore the human cost. Maybe instead of just pointing fingers, we should ask: what are we complicit in? And how do we stop being part of the machine?

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